![]() ![]() Provincial judges are appointed under provincial laws. The Constitution only provides for federally appointed judges. The judiciary must interpret and apply the law and the Constitution, and give impartial judgments in all cases, whether they involve public law, such as a criminal case, or private law, such as a dispute over a contract. Our Constitution also includes provisions relating to the judicial branch of government, composed of judges. The Minister of Justice is also the Attorney General or chief law officer of Canada The department also develops criminal law and public law, as well as policies and programs for victims, families, children and youth criminal justice. The Minister of Justice is responsible for the Department of Justice, which provides legal services such as drafting laws and providing legal advice to the government and its departments. ![]() By constitutional convention, royal assent is always given to bills passed by the Senate and the House of Commons. The Governor General must also give royal assent to a bill in order for it to become a law. Bills are debated and passed by the Senate and the House of Commons. Parliament consists of the Queen (who is usually represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House of Commons. Parliament is the legislative branch of the federal government. When we say "the government," we are usually referring to the executive branch. Ministers are also responsible for government departments, such as the Department of Finance and the Department of Justice. Together, the Prime Minister and other Ministers form the cabinet, which is responsible to Parliament for government business. The Queen has the executive power in Canada, but in our democratic society the Queen's powers are exercised by constitutional convention on the advice of Ministers who enjoy the confidence of the House of Commons. ![]() In 1982, the Charter was enacted as part of Canada's Constitution along with a set of procedures allowing the Constitution to be amended in Canada. The British North America Act, 1867, codified many constitutional rules for Canada, but major changes to the Constitution could only be made by the United Kingdom Parliament. When Canada was created, it was a self-governing British colony. The Constitution was "patriated" from the United Kingdom in 1982. ![]()
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